He likens the beginning of Henry VIIIs reign to a metaphorical spring, a second coming of sorts because Henry VIII seemed to be the opposite of his father. Henry's mother, Margaret Beaufort, was a descendant of the Lancastrian branch of the House of Plantagenet. Henry then consolidated his reign with magnificent architecture, an opulent household and money. His claim to the throne was precarious and he wanted to portray Richard . Penn explained that the marriage had been one of genuine love and that Henry was shattered by his wifes death. Wales was historically a Lancastrian stronghold, and Henry owed the support he gathered to his Welsh birth and ancestry, being agnatically descended from Rhys ap Gruffydd. [2] His father died three months before his birth. [70] Henry VII falls among the minority of British monarchs that never had any known mistresses, and for the times, it is very unusual that he did not remarry: his son Henry was the only male heir left after the death of his wife, thus the death of Arthur created a precarious political position for the House of Tudor. [22] Thus, anyone who had fought for Richard against him would be guilty of treason and Henry could legally confiscate the lands and property of Richard III, while restoring his own. At Rennes Cathedral on Christmas Day 1483, Henry pledged to marry Elizabeth of York, the eldest daughter of Edward IV. Henry VII ruled - as Machiavelli, just after his reign, was to advise usurpers to do - through fear rather than love. [42], The capriciousness and lack of due process that indebted many would tarnish his legacy and were soon ended upon Henry VII's death, after a commission revealed widespread abuses. Penn notes something else about the paeans on the son's accession: later in the Tudor period, apologists for the regime would remember Henry VII as the restorer of national peace and unity, but in 1509 it was the king's death, not his rule, that was held to have ended a long era of dark instability. Royal Collection Trust At the summit, even dinnerware testified to its owner's status. Henry VII, also called (145785) Henry Tudor, earl of Richmond, (born January 28, 1457, Pembroke Castle, Pembrokeshire, Walesdied April 21, 1509, Richmond, Surrey, England), king of England (14851509), who succeeded in ending the Wars of the Roses between the houses of Lancaster and York and founded the Tudor dynasty. His history plays depicted the dramatic conflicts of the wars of the roses, which Henry's accession after his victory at Bosworth in 1485 brought to an end. Henry Tudor is a familiar name to students of English history, especially the military side of it. In 1407, Henry IV, Gaunt's son by his first wife, issued new Letters Patent confirming the legitimacy of his half-siblings but also declaring them ineligible for the throne. Unfortunately, since all I really wanted to know about was learning about Henry the 7th and his family as people - the things that happened to them, what kind of people they were, etc. Henry attained the throne when his forces defeated King Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field, the culmination of the Wars of the Roses. He likens the beginning of Henry VIII's reign to a metaphorical spring, a second coming of sorts because Henry VIII seemed to be the opposite of his father. His regime was magnificent, yet terrifying and oppressive. I've never read much on the reign of Henry VII - mostly because to really get to grips with his policies, you first have to get to grips with his exhaustively complicated financial policies - but Penn provides a wonderful accessibility through his writing, which provides valuable context to the man who founded England's most famous dynasty. It's difficult to get a handle on Henry VII. Henry VII is known for successfully ending the War of the Roses between the houses of Lancaster and York and for founding the Tudor dynasty. : (April 25, 1883. Story's register still exists and, according to the 19th-century historian W.R.W. Raised in France, admiring of Italian-trained lawyers (and reaping the reward of the return of a whole generation of educated English commoners who sat out the War of the Roses abroad), with good taste in Renaissance art and advised by his gracious wife and steely mother, Henry VII is a major figure, not a prequel. After obtaining the dispensation, Henry had second thoughts about the marriage of his son and Catherine. Penn went on to show Henry VIIs wax funeral effigy, which I saw on my recent trip to London, and which shows his fine-boned features and his crooked eye, but also a face bearing the signs of stress and illness. [citation needed] Following the example of Edward IV, Henry VII created a Council of Wales and the Marches for his son Arthur, which was intended to govern Wales and the Marches, Cheshire and Cornwall. For many he remained a usurper, a false king. There he claimed sanctuary until the envoys were forced to depart. It is not known precisely where Cabot landed, but he was eventually rewarded with a pension from the king; it is presumed that Cabot perished at sea after a later unsuccessful expedition. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. By subscribing you confirm that you have read and agree to the Privacy Policy [opens in new window] and the Terms & Conditions [opens in new window]. Most often asked questions related to bitcoin. Until the death of his wife, the evidence is clear from these accounting books that Henry was a more doting father and husband than was widely known and there is evidence that his outwardly austere personality belied a devotion to his family. [54], Henry VII was much enriched by trading alum, which was used in the wool and cloth trades as a chemical fixative for dyeing fabrics. [34], When the King's agents searched the property of William Stanley (Chamberlain of the Household, with direct access to Henry VII) they found a bag of coins amounting to around 10,000 and a collar of livery with Yorkist garnishings. 'Meeting between Francis I and Henry VIII at the Field of Cloth of Gold on 7 June 1520,' a painting by Friedrich August Bouterwek. By this marriage, Henry VII hoped to break the Auld Alliance between Scotland and France. Henry, recognizing that Simnel had been a mere dupe, employed him in the royal kitchens. Even if the king outfaced his enemies in his lifetime, would they not forestall a Tudor succession? Rarely was a father's reign so widely disparaged and disowned on the accession of the son. Thus, Henry Tudor had no choice but to gather together an army including mercenary soldiers as well as his own supporters, and he landed in Wales in August, 1485. Henry Tudor, named after his father, Henry VII, was born by Elizabeth of York June 28, 1491 in Greenwich Palace. Henry VIII was the first English king to be called "Your Majesty.". By 1600 historians emphasised Henry's wisdom in drawing lessons in statecraft from other monarchs. Well written and really interesting about an often ignored king. [18] He was welcomed by the French, who readily supplied him with troops and equipment for a second invasion. But now, sensitivity readers are pushing back . Thomas Penn's Winter King is not really a biography of Henry VII, and more a study of what he was directing his government to do in his name. By the way, dont forget that Ian Mortimers Time Travellers Guide to Elizabethan England is on tonight on BBC2 at 9pm. Henry restored power and stability to the English monarchy following the civil war. That is, suspicious, insecure and crafty but also determined, patient and fiercely proud of his Lancastrian ancestry. Henry VIII, (born June 28, 1491, Greenwich, near London, Englanddied January 28, 1547, London), king of England (1509-47) who presided over the beginnings of the English Renaissance and the English Reformation. There's a lot of cloak-and-dagger stuff here, something Henry and certain of his counselors seemed especially skilled at, and it was those parts that I particularly enjoyed. His account of Henry's government is more contentious than he lets on. Henry VII (28 January 1457 - 21 April 1509) was King of England from his seizure of the crown on 22 August 1485 until his death in 1509. It was no easy feat. You can find out more on the conflicts between England and France, the Wars of the Roses and also the Tudors in our history courses. With the English economy heavily invested in wool production, Henry VII became involved in the alum trade in 1486. When he died, his only surviving son, Henry VIII, succeeded him without a breath of opposition. (1): (April 24, 1883. The reigns of his three predecessors were interrupted or foreshortened. He explained how Henry VII had achieved what he set out to do, he had passed on the crown successfully. This definitely was not that. [citation needed], Henry also made some political capital out of his Welsh ancestry in attracting military support and safeguarding his army's passage through Wales on its way to the Battle of Bosworth. The rebellion began in Ireland, where the historically Yorkist nobility, headed by the powerful Gerald FitzGerald, 8th Earl of Kildare, proclaimed Simnel king and provided troops for his invasion of England. King Henry the VII and King Henry the VIII both feared being invaded by foreign countries. Two themes of his book preside: the permanent vulnerability of Henry's regime, and his ruthless methods of rule. Today is Shrove Tuesday time for pancakes! The Treaty of Redon was signed in February 1489 between Henry and representatives of Brittany. Yorkist malcontents had strength in the north of England and in Ireland and had a powerful ally in Richard IIIs sister Margaret, dowager duchess of Burgundy. By 1900 the "New Monarchy" interpretation stressed the common factors that in each country led to the revival of monarchical power. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Stanley placed Richards circlet on Henrys head, he was now King. [4] Owen is said to have secretly married the widow of Henry V, Catherine of Valois. In that, he was quite successful, but he was neither loved nor admired. Local gentry saw the office as one of local influence and prestige and were therefore willing to serve. Henry VII (28 January 1457 21 April 1509) was King of England from his seizure of the crown on 22 August 1485 until his death in 1509. Claiming to be Edward, earl of Warwick, the son of Richard IIIs elder brother, George, duke of Clarence, he had the formidable support of John de la Pole, earl of Lincoln, Richard IIIs heir designate, of many Irish chieftains, and of 2,000 German mercenaries paid for by Margaret of Burgundy. Penn graphically describes a huge financial racket run by the king and his profiteering advisers. [citation needed], By 1509, justices of the peace were key enforcers of law and order for Henry VII. Penn's picture of a reign of terror carries disturbing echoes of the Roman historian Tacitus's account of the emperor Tiberius, another ruler whose abridgements of liberty followed an era of civil strife. Sometimes, Penn explained, charges against people were fabricated so that they would have to pay a fine, for example, a man who was charged with murdering a child and who was found guilty because the jury was rigged. Not only was . 3.5 Stars. [13] When Warwick restored Henry VI in 1470, Jasper Tudor returned from exile and brought Henry to court. The future Henry VIII, in contrast,. Henry VII was king of England from 1485 to 1509. Sometimes when reading nonfiction of this type, I never know if it is going to be dry and dull or not. Henry VII The Winter King is also the title of a book by Thomas Penn, and a useful read. Henry VII was the founder of the Tudor dynasty and father of Henry VIII and Ive been doing a bit of digging on this lesser known Tudor. The baby died and Elizabeth, herself, died on 11th February 1503, her 37th birthday. The house of York then appeared so firmly established that Henry seemed likely to remain in exile for the rest of his life. "King Henry VII" redirects here. Its goals, relentlessly pursued until Henry's death in 1509, were the establishment of a royal house, the elimination of opposition, and the steady accumulation of power and wealth. [67], Henry made half-hearted plans to remarry and beget more heirs, but these never came to anything. This battle saw the end of the Wars of the Roses which had brought instability to England. [23] After his coronation Henry issued an edict that any gentleman who swore fealty to him would, notwithstanding any previous attainder, be secure in his property and person. (ROYAL HISTORY) Directors Stuart Elliott Genres Documentary, International Subtitles English [CC] Audio languages English. He had brought the country to the brink of dynastic ambition, but not quite, so his closest advisers kept his death secret until St Georges Day, the annual meeting of the Order of the Garter. If Penn's interpretation can sometimes seem slanted, its exposition would be hard to over-praise. The union was both symbolic and necessary. (HIST003) Persecutions, Populations and Politics: Early Modern Britain 1550-1750, (HIST004) Country, Colonies and Culture: Early Modern Britain 1550-1750, (HIST006) The Stuart Court: History Politics and Culture, (HIST010) The Tudors: History, Culture and Religion, (HIST011) The English Country House: History, Architecture and Landscape, (HIST018) The Changing English Countryside, 20th Century Musicals: A Celebration of Song and Dance on the Silver Screen and the Stage. Pembroke Castle, and later the Earldom of Pembroke, were granted to the Yorkist William Herbert, who also assumed the guardianship of Margaret Beaufort and the young Henry. An easy read? Shakespeare, drawn to the colour on either side of the reign, skipped it. Author of, Assistant Master and Professor of History, Selwyn College, University of Cambridge. The marriage did not take place during his lifetime. Early life Bacon wanted the future Charles I to learn from Henry's reign, but the financial methods that would provoke fatal opposition to Charles look pale beside the exactions levied by Henry from often innocent subjects, who were denied legal process or threatened with trumped-up prosecutions and had to buy their freedom (though at moments of apparently impending death the king would repent of his methods and have the jails cleared and pardons issued). It was a fantastic programme and I highly recommend Thomas Penns book on Henry VII Winter King. In my never-ending quest to read possibly every single published book on the Tudor monarchy, I spied this little gem a few weeks ago and picked it up. Having seen it pop up in a lot of papers' Books of the Year lists, I think I was expecting something altogether more gripping and dramatic, but in the end I thought the story of Henry VII and the Tudor succession was just not an especially thrilling tale. [a] Henry's mother, Margaret Beaufort, was a descendant of the Lancastrian branch of the House of Plantagenet. Henry VII was king of England from 1485 to 1509. [12], Henry lived in the Herbert household until 1469, when Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick (the "Kingmaker"), went over to the Lancastrians. A man who rewrote history and rebuilt the crown, but who was paranoid, manipulative and suspicious; a dark prince with a wintery reign. He was supported in this effort by his chancellor, Archbishop John Morton, whose "Morton's Fork" was a catch-22 method of ensuring that nobles paid increased taxes: those nobles who spent little must have saved much, and thus could afford the increased taxes; in contrast, those nobles who spent much obviously had the means to pay the increased taxes. Henry VII was born in Pembroke Castle , Wales, on January 28 th, 1457. They did as much to endanger his throne as to secure it. $14.97 1 Used from $14.96 3 New from $14.97. The devastated King became so ill that he was close to death, but then he recovered and Penn explains that when he took control once more, he was remorseless. At any rate, the Wars of the Roses had ended with a victory by which the winner took all, and regardless of his somewhat dubious Plantagenet ancestry. Thomas More hailed the end of "slavery" and the return of "liberty", "the end of sadness, the beginning of joy". The new prince was the embodiment of the red and white rose, he was the Tudor rose incarnate. Much of the ruthless machinery of control was designed to deal with ongoing challenged like pretenders and Yorkist sleepers and expats. [48], Henry later concluded a treaty with France at Etaples that brought money into the coffers of England, and ensured the French would not support pretenders to the English throne, such as Perkin Warbeck. [31] Despite such precautions, Henry faced several rebellions over the next twelve years. His claim to the throne was precarious and he wanted to portray Richard III as a usurper. [citation needed], Henry's most successful diplomatic achievement as regards the economy was the Magnus Intercursus ("great agreement") of 1496. Henry Tudors claim to the throne was, therefore, weak and of no importance until the deaths in 1471 of Henry VIs only son, Edward, of his own two remaining kinsmen of the Beaufort line, and of Henry VI himself, which suddenly made Henry Tudor the sole surviving male with any ancestral claim to the house of Lancaster. [26] Henry married Elizabeth of York with the hope of uniting the Yorkist and Lancastrian sides of the Plantagenet dynastic disputes, and he was largely successful. I picked this audiobook up because it was narrated by Simon Vance. I'm not giving this a star rating because I suspect it's me at fault not the book. Herbert was captured fighting for the Yorkists and executed by Warwick. He was the last king of England to win . 7.1 59min 2013 16+. This is why he named the book the Winter King. Elizabeth had died in childbirth, so Henry had the dispensation also permit him to marry Catherine himself. [49] The confused, fractious nature of Breton politics undermined his efforts, which finally failed after three sizeable expeditions, at a cost of 24,000. He became paranoid and made the decision that if his people couldnt love him then they should fear him. All the information is from Thomas Penn. The Winter King is also the title of a book by Thomas Penn, and a useful read. Four good reasons to indulge in cryptocurrency! Its goals, relentlessly pursued until Henry's death in 1509, were the establishment of a royal house, the elimination of opposition, and the steady accumulation of power and wealth. At the same time, Flemish merchants were ejected from England. I had an idea Henry VII was a force for stability; in fact he was a terrifying kleptocrat, abusing the law with arbitrary fines and imprisonment, scheming to effectively steal entire estates and wring every penny out of subjects as well as impose political control through financial means. [5], The descent of Henry's mother, Margaret, through the legitimised House of Beaufort bolstered Henry's claim to the English throne. ), Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henry_VII_of_England&oldid=1141813382, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from September 2021, Articles incorporating a citation from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference, Articles incorporating text from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB, Pages containing links to subscription-only content, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from August 2021, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2020, Articles needing additional references from October 2020, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Katherine (2 February 1503 10 February 1503), This page was last edited on 26 February 2023, at 23:16.

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